This provides immediate access to ALL print and digital modules in the portal by "registering" you for each and displaying all modules as a single collection as part of this pass.

This provides access to a ZIP folder with all 45 previously published print modules.

In this print module, Dr. Michael J. Kolen promotes a conceptual understanding of test form equating using traditional methods in classical test theory (CTT) such as mean, linear, and equipercentile equating with special attention to nonequivalent groups and equating error. Keywords: classical test theory, CTT, equating design, equating error, equating methods, equipercentile equating, linear equating, mean equating, nonequivalent groups, ​scaling, test form equating​

In this print module, Dr. Linda L. Cook and Dr. Daniel R. Eignor provide the basis for understanding the process of score equating through the use of item response theory (lRT). Keywords: calibration, equating, equating method, estimation, item response theory, IRT, parameter, scale, true-score equating

In this print module, Dr. Ye Tong and Dr. Michael J. Kolen describe different types of raw scores and scale scores, illustrate how to incorporate various sources of information into a score scale, and introduce vertical scaling and its related designs and methodologies as a special type of scaling. Keywords: item response theory, IRT, linear transformation, nonlinear transformation, raw score, scale score, scaling, score precision, score reporting, vertical scaling

In this print module, Dr. Anne C. Huggins and Dr. Randall D. Penfield provide a comprehensive overview of population invariance in linking and equating and the relevant methodology developed for evaluating violations of invariance. Keywords: equating, fairness, group-to-overall method, invariance, linking, linking function, omnibus method, pairwise method, validity

​In this print module, Dr. Tim Moses describes and extends X-to-Y regression measures that have been proposed for use in educational assessment of X-to-Y scaling and equating results. Keywords: concordance, equating, ​heteroscedastic, regression, prediction error, scaling, ​scaling error, X-to-Y, Y-toX